清康熙朝“光棍例”变通适用原因探析

Analysis of Reasons for the Flexible Adaptation of“Guanggun Li”in Kangxi Period of the Qing Dynasty

变通是清代律例适用的一项重要原则和方法。以康熙朝光棍例的适用为中心,分析其变通适用的原因,探求当时社会治理之道,以古鉴今。清光棍例自顺治十三年(1655年)定例以后,经历了顺治、康熙、雍正和乾隆四朝的多次删修,于乾隆五年(1740年)最终确定,其中康熙朝尤其存在多次立法和司法上的变通。综合立法与司法情形,可知光棍例之所以变通适用,主要根源于两个原因,一是皇帝主观意志的支配,二是平衡司法、治理瞬息万变的社会客观情势的需要。

Adaptation is an important principle and method of the application of laws in the Qing dynasty.This paper analyzes the reasons for the flexible adaptation of Guanggun Li and explores the methods of social governance in the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty.After the making of Guanggun Li in the 13th year of emperor Shunzhi,it underwent many abridgements and revisions in the periods of Shunzhi,Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong,and was finalized in the 5th year of the Qianlong period.There were several legislative and judicial changes in the Kangxi period owing to the two reasons:(1)the will of Kangxi emperor and(2)the needs for balancing justice and other aspects of social governance.