道德增强的自然主义困境及其可解性

The Naturalism Dilemma of Moral Enhancement and Its Resolvability

现代哲学对于道德自然主义有着特殊兴趣。道德自然主义的兴起与自然科学的兴盛密切相关,因为伦理学必须接受自然科学的审视与反思。生物医学道德增强是对道德现象做出自然主义的还原和解释,本质上是道德自然主义的复制和修正。道德增强打开了一个不确定的道德空间,对伦理学的挑战才刚启幕。道德增强在道德与自然科学之间建立起一种并不充分的逻辑联系。作为一定社会复杂文化教育背景下生成的伦理道德,道德增强不能直接还原成生物的、物理的、化学的活动。尽管如此,关于道德增强的立场,仍需保持历史唯物主义的开放态度。

Modern philosophy has a special interest in moral naturalism.To a large extent,the recognition of moral naturalism is closely related to the prosperity of natural science,because ethics must accept the examination and judgment of natural science.Biomedical moral enhancement is a naturalistic reduction and explanation of moral phenomena,which is essentially a revision and reproduction of moral naturalism.Moral enhancement opens up an uncertain moral space,and the challenge to ethics is just beginning.Moral enhancement establishes an inadequate logical connection between morality and natural science.The ethics and morality generated under the background of certain complex culture and education cannot be reduced to biological,physical and chemical activities.In spite of this,we should keep an open and cautious attitude historically and materialistically towards moral enhancement.