天然植物替代饲用促生长抗生素的研究与展望

Research and prospect of natural plant substitute for antibiotic growth promoters in feed

饲用促生长抗生素(以下简称“抗生素”)滥用引发的耐药性和生态破坏问题终将威胁人类健康,天然植物因其安全有效易得的优势成为了替代抗生素研究与应用的热点。文章综述了国内外近期的抗生素替代物评价方法体系,并阐述天然植物在直接抑菌作用和增强免疫机能的双重作用机制。天然植物中的多酚类、精油类、多糖类等活性成分是替抗的物质基础。从多数试验结果来看,植物提取物能够在替抗的前提下,对畜禽的生长性能、抗氧化能力、肠道形态、菌群结构或免疫功能有所改善。文章还讨论了天然植物替抗研究应用存在的一些问题,旨在为未来发展方向提供建设性意见。

The abuse of antibiotic growth promoters(AGPs)in feed led to drug resistance and ecologi⁃cal damage would threaten human health eventually.Natural plants have become a hotspot in the re⁃search and application of substituting AGPs because of their advantages of safety,efficiency and avail⁃ability.This paper reviews the recent evaluation methods of AGPs alternatives both domestic and over⁃seas,and expounds the dual mechanism of natural plants in direct bacteriostatic effect and immune function enhancement.Active ingredients such as polyphenols,essential oils and polysaccharides in natural plants are the material basis for AGPs alternatives.According to most test results,plant ex⁃tracts could improve the growth performance,antioxidant capacity,intestinal morphology,flora struc⁃ture or immune function of livestock and poultry under the premise of substituting AGPs.Finally,this paper discusses some issues of AGPs alternatives in natural plants form research to application,aim⁃ing to provide constructive suggestions for future development.