基于GIS的黄山市传统村落空间分布及影响因素研究

Spatial distribution and controlling factors of traditional villages in Huangshan City based on GIS

基于ArcGIS空间分析和数理模型方法,定量揭示了黄山市271个传统村落的空间分布情况及影响因素,以期为村落的活态保护与有效利用提供参考。结果表明:1)传统村落的空间分布类型为“整体集聚、局部离散”,其中离散型村落主要分布于市域中部的徽州区、黄山区和西部的祁门县;2)空间分布结构的均衡程度较低,边缘化特征显著;3)空间分布的密度呈“一主+两次+多节点”的簇团状格局,密度高值区发生在歙县中东部地区,次核心区集中于歙县西北部及黟县盆地一带;4)黄山市传统村落的空间分布特征与历史文化、社会经济发展和自然环境等影响要素具有高度耦合关系,分别表现为传承性、逆向性和地带性分异规律。

This paper quantitatively reveals the spatial distribution and influencing factors of traditional villages in Huangshan City based on ArcGIS spatial analysis and mathematical model.The purpose of the study is to provide a sci⁃entific reference for the overall development and live heritage of traditional villages.Studies show that:1)The spatial dis⁃tribution types of traditional villages are clustered as a whole,but they are dispersed in parts,among which discrete vil⁃lages are mainly distributed in Huizhou District,Huangshan District and Qimen County in the west;2)The spatial distri⁃bution structure is less balanced and exhibits obvious marginal characteristics;3)In addition,from the density distribu⁃tion pattern of traditional villages,its overall structure presents a cluster-like distribution pattern of core area,two subcore areas and multiple nodes,and the high-density area occurs in the central and eastern parts of Shexian County.The secondary core areas are concentrated in the northern part of Shexian County and the Yixian Basin;4)The spatial distri⁃bution of traditional villages in Huangshan City is highly coupled with history and culture,socio-economic development and natural environment,which are characterized by Inheritance,reverse and zonality distribution.