悖论与荒诞——论雅里“愚比剧”的反戏剧性

Paradox and Absurdity—On the Anti-dramatics of Alfred Jarry’s Ubu Play

1896年,法国戏剧家阿尔弗雷德·雅里《愚比王》公演,在内容和形式上均摧毁传统戏剧的观念与模式,具有鲜明的反戏剧特性。其反戏剧性表现在反情节、反戏剧冲突、反语言、反人物性格、反文化、反哲学等方面。雅里的创作冲动源于20世纪非理性主义思潮的兴起、人的异化加剧、悲观主义的盛行等语境。这表明他弃绝传统戏剧的决心,从而实现批判和否定资本主义社会的目标。

In 1896,French dramatist Alfred Jarry’s play Ubu Roi was performed.The opening dialogue was“shit”,which destroyed the traditional drama in concept and model,with distinctive anti-dramatic characteristics,manifesting in anti-plot,anti dramatic conflict,anti-language,anti-character,anti-culture,and anti-philosophy.Jarry's creative impulse originated from the rise of Irrationalism,the aggravation of human alienation and the prevalence of Pessimism in the 20th century.Through this,Jarry showed his determination to abandon the traditional drama,so as to achieve the goal of criticizing and denying the capitalist society.