生命意志的挣扎与探索——论《魔山》中的日神和酒神精神

The Exploration and Affirmation of the Will to Life——On the Spirit of Apollo and Dionysus in The Magic Mountain

在《悲剧的诞生》中尼采用日神和酒神来解释艺术的起源,实则是谈人生的意义,从中肯定永恒的生命意志。而德国作家托马斯·曼受尼采的影响颇深,在他的作品里随处可见尼采的影子。他的小说《魔山》中作为造型艺术出现的达沃斯疗养院和大量的梦境是日神精神的体现,疗养院里充斥着的情欲、音乐则是酒神精神的表现。主人公汉斯在最后战胜了死亡的诱惑,完成了自身生命的升华。托马斯·曼在最后摒弃了叔本华彻底否定生命意志的悲剧观,转向尼采强健的悲剧观。

In The Birth of Tragedy,Nietzsche uses Apollo and Dionysus to explain the origin of art,but in fact,he talks about the meaning of life and affirms the eternal will to life.Thomas Mann,a German writer,was deeply influenced by Nietzsche,and Nietzsche was everywhere in his work.In his novel The Magic Mountain,the Davos Sanatorium,as a plastic arts,and a large number of dreams are the embodiment of the spirit of the Apollo,while the passion and music in the sanatorium are the expression of the spirit of Dionysus.The hero,Hans,finally overcomes the temptation of death and completes the sublimation of his own life.In the end,Thomas Mann abandoned Arthur Schopenhauer's view of tragedy,which completely negated the will to life,and turned to Nietzsche's strong view of tragedy.