论杜诗中“幽人”的文化性格与当代意义

On Cultural Characteristics of Those living in Seclusion in Du Fu’s Poems and their Contemporary Significance

“幽人”作为中国古代士人失位境遇中的产物,体现了士人在政治理想与社会身份失衡时对仕隐的权衡与选择。士人不同范畴的处世思想使作品中的“幽人”具有不同的文化性格。“幽人”于杜甫,被赋予了复杂的政治情感与多重的人生关怀,体现其儒者入仕之期待与忧世之情怀。在诗人身处“失位”之困境时,“幽人”以诗人形象而显现。这为深入理解中国古代文学作品中“幽人”多样的文化内涵及文人之文化性格提供了类型化的参照。其始终如一的持守品格在当代仍具有值得传承的借鉴意义。

As dislocated scholars in ancient China,“youren”,i.e.,those living in seclusion,embody scholars’choice between political ideals and their social status.Scholars’different living attitudes make“youren”in Du Fu’s poems different cultural characteristics.Du Fu endowed complicated political emotions and multiple life concerns to“youren”,which reflected his Confucian expectation and concern about the world.When the poet is in the predicament of“out of position”,“youren”appears as a poet.This provides a typified reference for in-depth understanding of the diverse cultural connotations of“youren”in ancient Chinese literary works and the cultural personality of literati.Its consistent persistence of character still has a reference value worth inheriting in contemporary times.