平遥古城声环境调查与评价

Investigation and evaluation of acoustical environment in Pingyao ancient city

以平遥古城为例,对古城内四个不同性质功能区的声环境展开实地测量和主观问卷调查。调查结果表明,县衙博物馆和明清街声环境明显超出了我国现行声环境质量标准限值;历史文化表演声是古城特有的声源构成之一,与自然声最受人们喜爱。基于语义差别法对古城声环境的影响因素进行了研究,古城声环境的主要因子包括精神属性(舒适度)、社会属性(趣味性)和物理属性(动态性、强度、丰富度)。其中,趣味性、强度和丰富度在一天内均呈现出逐渐升高趋势,与其他声环境相比,古城声环境丰富度更高,且兼具趣味性与动态性。最后就古城声景现状提出一些改善建议,或可为古城类声景营造和优化提供参考。

Taking the Pingyao ancient city as an example,a field measurement and subjective questionnaire survey of the acoustic environment of four functional areas in the ancient city is conducted.The investigation results show that the sound pressure levels in the county yamen museum and the Mingqing Street obviously exceed the limits of the current acoustic environmental quality standard;the sound of historical and cultural performances is one of the unique sound sources in the ancient city,and it is most popular as natural sound.The influence factors of acoustic environment in the ancient city are studied based on the semantic difference method.The main factors of acoustic environment include mental attributes(comfort),social attributes(interest)and physical attributes(dynamic,intensity and richness),in which,the interest,intensity and richness show a gradually increasing trend in one day.And the acoustic environment of the ancient city is richer,more interesting and dynamic in comparison with other acoustic environments.At the end of this paper,some suggestions are put forward to improve the present acoustic environment of the Pingyao ancient city,which may provide a reference for the construction and optimization of soundscape of ancient city category.