“日本型华夷秩序”辨析

A Critical Analysis of the Thesis of“Japanese Order of Hua–Yi Distinction”

“日本型华夷秩序”论左右着学界对近世日本外交格局和性质的判断,为此,就必须对其实质做出价值判定。16世纪后期日本发动侵朝战争,试图摧毁以明朝为主导的华夷秩序并取而代之,结果以失败告终。其后,德川幕府建立起以“对外四口”为框架的对外关系体系,并因明清交替而在日本形成了“华夷变态”理论,从而生成以日本为“华”统治周边国家的意识,即当代学者所说的“日本型华夷秩序”。然而,比照以中国为核心的华夷秩序可见,“日本型华夷秩序”皆是反其道而行之。前者是由“华”对“夷”以“薄来厚往”的给予方式来维持区域国际秩序的稳定,后者则是不惜动用武力对周边地区进行掠夺,是在损害区域国际秩序的稳定。

Since the thesis of so called“Japanese order of Hua-Yi distinction”has been influential among scholars in the field of modern Japanese diplomacy,a close examination of this thesis is necessary.In late sixteenth century,Japan launched a failed invasion to Korea aiming at destroying and replacing the Chinese dominated regional order that emphasizes the distinction of Chinese from“barbarians”.After the transition from Ming to Qing,the Tokugawa Shogunate established a four trading ports foreign relation structure and developed an ideology of viewing Japan as Hua(Chinese)to rule the surrounding countries as Yi(barbarians).In comparison,it is clear that the Japanese order of Hua-Yi distinction is forceful and aggressive to the neighboring countries,which actually damaged the stability of regional and international peace.