“每个人的自由而全面的发展”与社会主义市场经济——对中国改革四十多年来内在逻辑的理论解读

"The Free and Comprehensive Development of Everyone"and Socialist Market Economy——Theoretical Interpretation of the Internal Logic of China’s Reform and Opening-Up for over Forty Years

"每个人的自由而全面的发展"是马克思恩格斯毕生追求的共产主义社会根本特征之一。从马克思恩格斯著作中廓清"每个人的自由而全面的发展"的理论逻辑,对当今世界社会主义运动具有重要理论与实践价值。在第三次科技革命影响下,一方面,作为中国改革最主要成果之一的社会主义市场经济,经过四十多年来的积累,其历史使命已经明显地转向为"每个人的自由而全面的发展"提供物质基础持续发力阶段。在这一阶段,中国改革不断解放和发展生产力,并在此基础上进行社会主义改革与实践,不断推进社会主义理论创新与实践进程,为未来迈向共产主义社会打下坚实基础。另一方面,在当今时代,人们的劳动方式逐渐从以体力劳动为主转向以脑力劳动为主,脑力劳动主导人类社会历史发展趋势明显,科技已经毋庸置疑地成为第一生产力。在这一阶段,中国改革不断解放和发展劳动力,鼓励最广大劳动者追求"每个人的自由而全面的发展",这客观上已经成为社会主义市场经济超越资本主义市场经济的必由之路,也客观上成为社会主义最终超越资本主义的必然选择。

"The free and comprehensive development of everyone"is the fundamental characteristic of the ideal society that Marx and Engels pursued all his life.It is of great theoretical and practical value for current world socialist movement to clarify the theoretical logic of"The free and comprehensive development of everyone"from the works of Marx and Engels.Under the influnence of the third scientific technological revolution,on the one hand,the socialist market economy,one of the most important achievements of China’s reform,has,after more than forty years of accumulation,clearly shifted its historical mission to the stage of providing the material foundation for"The free and comprehensive development of everyone".In this stage,China’s reform continued to liberate and develop the productive forces,and on this basis carried out socialist reform and practice,constantly promoted the process of socialist theoretical innovation and practice,and laid a solid material foundation for the future march to the communist society;On the other hand,in today’s era,people’s labor mode is gradually shifted from manual labor to mental labor.Mental labor leads the hiatorical development trend of human sociaty,and science and thechnology has undoubtedly become the primary pruductive force.At this stage,the continuous liberition of labor,to encourage the majority of workers to pursue the"the free and comprehensive development of everyone",objectively has become the only way for the socialist market economy to surpass the capital market enconomy,but also objectively become the invitable choice of socialism enventually go beyond capitalism.