哪种“恶棍”式主角更具悲剧意义?——塞内加与马洛悲剧之比较

Which kind of villain-hero is more tragic?——A comparison of Seneca and Marlowe’s tragedies

古罗马悲剧家塞内加在英国悲剧形成过程中产生了极为重要的影响。克里斯托弗·马洛作为英国悲剧的创始人之一,有较多学者认为马洛完全在模仿塞内加。马洛在接受塞内加影响的基础上,在有些重要方面已经超越了塞内加。塞内加过分追求残酷的情节给人的感官刺激,使其悲剧主角沦为狭隘的个人复仇激情的奴隶;而马洛塑造的悲剧人物在生命的极限中寻找超越,反抗压抑的传统基督教价值观,肯定和提升了个人的价值,其人物更具有超越性、崇高感,因而更具悲剧意义。

Seneca,an ancient Roman tragedian,exerted a great influence on the formation of British tragedy.As one of the founders of British tragedy,Christopher Marlowe has been regarded by many scholars as a complete imitator of Seneca.This paper argues that Marlowe has surpassed Seneca in some important aspects based on Seneca’s influence.Seneca’s excessive pursuit of cruel plot gives people sensory stimulation,making its tragic protagonist a slave of narrow personal passion for revenge,while Marlowe’s tragic heroes seek transcendence in the limitation of life,fight against the repressive traditional Christian values,af-firm and enhance man’s personal values,and they are endowed with transcendence and nobility.Therefore,Marlowe’s villainhero has more tragic significance.