面向2040的日本高等教育现代化及其启示

Modernization and Implications of Japanese Higher Education towards 2040

日本高等教育现代化模式属于典型的“后发外生型”。该模式在近代二元等级金字塔式高等教育体制基础上发展而来,经历了近代探索、战后改造、快速发展和改革完善四个阶段,具有不同于其他后发国家的独特性:其现代化进程由中央政府主导,体现出由被动改革到主动发展、西方化和日本化相结合的特征。面向2040年,日本高等教育将更加重视高等教育质量、国际化、大学与国家和地方的联系。探讨日本高等教育现代化的演进特征及趋势,对中国高等教育现代化进程具有参考意义。

The model of Japanese higher education modernization is the typical"backward and exogenous type".This model was developed on the basis of the Modern Binary Hierarchical pyramid system of higher education.It has gone through four stages:modern exploration,post-war transformation,rapid development,and reform and improvement.Different from other backward countries,Japan’s modernization process was dominated by the central government,with the characteristics of a combination of from passive reform to active development,Westernization and Japanization.Towards 2040,higher education in Japan pays more attention to the quality of higher education,internationalization,and university-state-local relations.The evolutionary characteristics and trends of Japanese higher education modernization shed light on the modernization of Chinese higher education.