庙学及庙学学、庙学史的学科归属与建构

The Subject Attribute and Construction of Studies,Schooling and History of Confucian Temples

在古代,“庙”为主祀孔子的重阵,“学”为育才重地,“庙”与“学”结合后形成中国教育史上独具特色的“庙学合一”现象,二者的结合体被称之为“庙学”,亦即各级各类官学的代称。用历史、文献和比较法,从概念、学科、史学三个维度来研究庙学,旨在阐释庙学作为践行儒学的特殊物质载体,既是一种历史、政治、文化符号,更具有普遍的教化价值,一部庙学史几乎就是一部中国学校史。基于庙学的史料积累以及庙学研究的丰硕成果、社会支持和现实需求,需要建构一门新的学问“庙学学”和专门研究领域“庙学史”,通过从历史、教育、政治、经济、哲学、建筑、文物、民俗、伦理、艺术、宗教、图书等多学科角度,对其学科属性及学科理论进行深度挖掘,以此来传承和弘扬中国的庙学文化。

In ancient times,a multitude of temples were built as the most important places to worship Confucius and academies were set up for learning to educate talents,and the integration of temples and academies developed a unique unity of temples and academies in the history of Chinese education.It was called temple academies,a sign of official learning institutions at all levels.Using the methods of history,literature and comparison,this paper studied the Confucian temples from the dimensions of concept,discipline and history to explain the special material carriers of Confucianism teachings of Confucian temples as academies,a historical,political and cultural symbol as well as a universal educational value.A history of Confucian temples-based academies is almost a history of Chinese schools.With the accumulation of historical materials,fruitful literature,social support and practical needs,it is necessary to construct a new branch of Confucian Temple Studies and a specialized research on the History of Confucian Temple-based Academies.An in-depth exploration of the disciplinary attributes and theories of Confucian temple studies is needed from the perspective of history,education,politics,economy,philosophy,architecture,cultural relics,folk custom,ethics,art,religion,books and other disciplines,so as to inherit and promote the Chinese temple culture.