深圳东部海域珊瑚群落分布特征

Distribution of coral communities in eastern sea area of Shenzhen

2013年8月至2014年12月,对深圳东部海域的珊瑚群落分布、种类、覆盖率及健康状况进行了调查,共记录到腔肠动物门珊瑚虫纲73种,其中软珊瑚2种、柳珊瑚9种、海葵2种、石珊瑚60种。调查结果显示:深圳东部海域珊瑚呈带状分布,生长带较窄,平行于海岸,垂直分带不明显,空间结构比较简单,石珊瑚多分布在沿岸水深约6 m以浅区域,软珊瑚分布范围较广,最深可达水深16 m,柳珊瑚则在水深9 m以上的沙底海域分布较多。统计分析表明:大澳情人岛站位的珊瑚覆盖率最高,为41.60%,背仔角站位的覆盖率最低,仅为2.50%。与历史调查结果相比,石珊瑚分布种类有所增加,但覆盖率下降,优势种为团块形、亚团块形以及表覆形的蜂巢珊瑚、菌珊瑚和滨珊瑚等,群落生态退化严重。近海工程、珊瑚盗挖和过度捕捞等人类活动可能是珊瑚及其生长环境受到破坏的主要因素。

From August 2013 to December 2014,the distribution,species,coverage and health status of coral communities in the eastern sea area of Shenzhen were investigated.A total of 73 species of coleopteran were characterized in the coelenterate,including 2 species of soft corals,9 species of gorgonians,2 species of sea anemones,and 60 species of scleractinian corals.The survey results showed that the corals in eastern sea area of Shenzhen had a banded distribution.The growing zone was narrow,parallel to the coast.The vertical zoning was not obvious.The spatial distribution was relatively simple.The scleractinian corals were mostly distributed in the coastal water depth of about 6 m in shallow areas,and the soft corals were widely distributed.The deepest water depth was 16 m,and the gorgonian coral was distributed in the sandy bottom waters with a water depth of 9 m or more.Statistical analysis showed that the coral coverage rate of the Da'ao lovers Island was the highest,at 41.60%,and the coverage of Beizai jiao station was the lowest,only 2.50%.Among them,compared with the historical survey results,the scleractinian corals had increased in species and coverage,and the dominant species were clump-shaped,sub-branched,and surface-shaped Faviidae,Agariciidae,and Poritidae.Human activities which included coastal and offshore engineering,picking unlawfully the corals and overfishing might be the main factors of influencing the living environment of coral reefs.