基于热载荷优化修正的电主轴热特性分析方法

THERMAL CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS METHOD OF MOTORIZED SPINDLE BASED ON THERMAL LOAD OPTIMIZATION CORRECTION

针对经验公式获得的热载荷与实际相比存在误差,提出一种电主轴的热特性仿真分析方法。首先,借助Ansys Workbench仿真平台建立考虑冷却液动态换热和轴承内圈-转轴、轴承外圈-轴承套接触热阻的电主轴温度场热-流-固耦合模型;其次,在仿真模型基础上,采用遗传算法,综合对生热部件生热量和各换热表面换热系数进行优化修正,将修正后的生热量和换热系数作为热载荷条件,建立高速电主轴热载荷优化修正模型。并基于该模型研究了冷却液热耗散量与热源生热功率之间的动态关系;最后,通过电主轴温升实验验证了该模型的准确性。结果表明:该优化修正模型能够有效提高电主轴的温度场仿真精度,并且冷却液供液温度比环境温度约低2℃情况时,主轴结构与冷却液达到最佳的生热-散热平衡。

For the inaccuracy of empirical heat loads for spindle thermal simulations,a thermal simulation analysis method onto motorized spindle unit is proposed.Firstly,the fluid-solid-heat coupling simulation model of the motorized spindle unit is established by Ansys Workbench,with the coolant dynamic heat transfer and thermal resistances of bearing inner-spindle shaft and outer rings-bearing housing being considered.Secondly,based on the simulation model,genetic algorithm is used to optimize and correct the heat generation values of spindle motor/beairngs and ambient heat transfer coefficients.The corrected values above are used as thermal loads for thermal simulation modeling of motorized spindle unit.Based on the model,the dynamic relationship between the heat dissipation power of the coolants and the heat generation power of spindle motor/beairngs is studied.Finally,the model accuracy is verified by the spindle temperature testing experiment.The results show that the optimization correction model can effectively improve the temperature field simulation accuracy of the motorized spindle unit,and the spindle structure and the coolant reach the optimal heat-heating balance when the coolant supply temperature is about 2℃ lower than the ambient temperature.