从纯诗意象到文学意象的演进——论克罗齐的意象观

From Pure Poetic Image to Literary Image:On the Image Theory of Benedetto Croce

克罗齐美学中的意象是心灵综合即直觉表现的产物,它不再是西方传统美学中的本体理念之"象"或上帝之"象",而是一种纯粹精神的图景,克罗齐称之为纯诗意象。纯诗意象关注艺术创造中的主体价值,它的形成是人克服被动性并获得心灵解放的过程,同时也使得艺术摆脱了哲学与神学的桎梏而获得独立。然而,纯诗意象的心灵纯粹性又容易使审美主体陷入人性发展的极端与绝对,从而导致人性的解体与分裂,因此克罗齐晚年提出的文学意象将纯诗意象中一直否定的艺术传达纳入文学创作的范围,使主体心灵直觉与社会文化相互关联,实现了从纯粹精神到个体心灵与社会文明的连接。克罗齐的意象观对于今天的文学艺术创作与批评依然具有重要的启示,即文艺创作与批评既要立足于文学艺术本身,又要以人为本,实现审美主体心灵与社会文化的有效沟通。

The image in Benedetto Croce’s aesthetics is the product of the spiritual synthesis,that is,the intuitive expression.It is no longer the"image"of the noumenon idea or the"image"of God in western traditional aesthetics,but a picture of pure spirit,which is called by Croce the pure poetic image.The formation of pure poetic image,focusing on the subject value in artistic creation,is a process of spiritual liberation through overcoming passivity,which also makes art independentfrom the fetters of philosophy and theology.Pure poetry image,however,easily makes aesthetic subject caught in the extremes and absolutes of human development leading to the destruction of the human nature.So Croce’s literary images incorporates communication into the scope of literary creation,interrelating subject soul intuition and social culture,which achieves the connection of pure individual mind and civilization.Croce’s image view still has important enlightenment to today’s literary and artistic creation and criticism,that is,literary and artistic creation and criticism should not only be based on literature and art itself,but also be people-oriented,soas to realize the effective communication between aesthetic subject’s mind and social culture.