生成与动力:具身认知研究中的互动观

Enaction and Dynamics:The Theory of Interaction in Embodied Cognition

从方法论上讲,认知研究中的个体主义把研究的焦点放在个体身上,倾向于从个体内部寻求对社会行为的解释。与个体主义取向不同的是,具身认知中的互动观更注重人际和社会互动对于理解他人的重要作用。心理学中的生态学方法最早关注了环境与有机体之间的互动对知觉产生的影响。生成认知在此基础上更进一步,认为互动不仅发生在有机体与环境之间,而且表现为主体与主体的交互影响,两个主体间的交互不是两个笛卡尔式心灵的对话,交互的主体是身体,是一种“肉身间性”的过程。具身认知研究中的互动观强调身心一体论,反对身心二元论,在方法论上表现出反还原论的特色。

Individualism in cognitive research focuses on individuals and tends to seek explanations for social behaviors from inside of the individual.The theory of interaction in embodied cognition,instead,focuses on the important role of interpersonal and social interaction in understanding others.The ecological approach in psychology was originally concerned with the effects of the interaction between the environment and the organism on perception.Based on this,enactive cognition further believes that interaction not only takes place between the organism and the environment,but also manifests as the interaction between the subject and the subject.The interaction between the two subjects is not the dialogue of two cartesian minds,but the two bodies,which is a process of“intercorporality”.The interaction view of embodied cognition emphasizes the monism of mind-body,and opposes the dualism of mind-body.