中国独角兽企业空间分布特征及驱动要素研究

Spatial distribution and driving factors of unicorn enterprises in China

独角兽企业是新经济发展的重要推动力,是衡量区域创新发展的重要指标,但当前其发展存在空间分布失衡的问题.借助空间计量模型,分析2014~2018年中国独角兽企业的空间分布特征,并采用Logit面板回归模型对独角兽企业空间分布的驱动要素进行实证研究.研究结果表明:(1)中国独角兽企业主要分布在东部地区,由沿海向内陆独角兽企业数量逐渐递减;(2)中国独角兽企业在空间分布上不断向外扩张,影响范围逐渐扩大,总体上呈向"南"发展的趋势;(3)城市经济变量和城市社会化变量对独角兽企业空间分布的影响程度最大,在岗职工平均工资是影响全国独角兽企业空间分布的主要驱动要素;(4)不同城市群独角兽企业的驱动要素存在差异,人才资源和教育水平是各城市群独角兽企业发展的共同驱动要素.

Unicorn companies are an important driving force of new economies and an important indicator to measure regional innovation and development.However,the spatial distribution of unicorn enterprises is unbalanced.Using the spatial econometric model,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of unicorn enterprises in China from year 2014 to 2018,and uses Logit panel regression model to empirically study the driving factors of spatial distribution of unicorn enterprises.The results show that:(1)Chinese unicorn enterprises are mainly distributed in the eastern region,and the number of unicorn enterprises is gradually diminishing along the route from coastal areas to inland areas;(2)The spatial distribution of unicorn enterprises in China is expanding outward,and the influence sphere is gradually spreading,and the overall development trend is"Southward";(3)The influence of urban economic variables and urban social variables acts as the most significant determinants on the spatial distribution of unicorn enterprises;(4)The driving factors of unicorn enterprises in different urban agglomerations varies.Human resources and education level are the common driving factors for the development of unicorn enterprises in urban agglomerations.