德意志之名:德国国名的起源与国号的演变

The Name of Germany:The Origin of the German Country Name and the Evolution of the Country Title

现代德语中,德国国名“Deutschland”一词起源于中世纪早期日耳曼民族语言的名称“theodiscus”“diutisk”等词,具有语言、民族、地理和政治等多个层面的含义。国号中通常会包含国名的地理或民族因素,但长期以来,德国特殊的政治体制和政治形态导致中世纪时期大部分德国国号与自身的地理和民族名称相分离。直到1871年,“德意志”(Deutsch)才成为德国国号的主要部分;1949年,“德国”(Deutschland)才成为国号的组成部分。德国的国号根据历代统治者政治理念的改变而不断变化。通过考察德国国名的起源与国号的演变,可以更为深刻地理解德国历史的特殊性和延续性。

The word“Deutschland”used as the name of Germany in modern German originated from words such as“theodiscus”and“diutisk”,which used to refer to the Germanic national language in the early Middle Ages.It has the meaning of language,ethnicity,geography and politics.The country title usually contains the geographical or ethnic factors of the country name,but for a long time,Germany s special political system and political situation led to the condition of the separation of most German country titles from their geographical and national names in the medieval period.It was not until 1871 that Deutsch became the main part of the official country title.In 1949,Deutschland entered the country title.The German country names changed constantly according to the change of the ruler's ruling thought.By examining the origin of the German country name and the evolution of the country title,the particularity and continuity of German history can be more deeply understood.