行政协议案件违约责任问题研究——基于私法视角下的行政主体违约

Research on the Liability for Breach of Administrative Agreement Cases——Based on the Administrative Subject s Breach of Contract From thePerspective of Private Law

行政因与协议存在构词法的相容性及符合现代行政的基本理念和精神,而得以协议。但与民事合同违约责任完全意思自治不同,行政协议违约责任意思自治是有限的。如订约主体的特殊性、双方权利义务的不对等性、特定的公益目的导向等。从现代行政法提倡“控权—服务”的理念、保障当事人合法权益、完善政府践信守诺机制等视角出发,其违约责任的归责原理目前宜采用严格责任主义。而关于行政协议违约责任具体形态的问题,相关规范性文件均采用“适用的基础性条件+具体违约责任形态”的模式,不仅不当限缩了其违约责任的范围,而且容易导致其适用方式的分歧。司法实践中,违约责任形态主要是指继续履行、采取相应补救措施和赔偿损失三种。

Administration and agreement are compatible with word formation and conform to the basic ideas and spirit of modern administration,and administration can be negotiated.But unlike the complete autonomy of liability for breach of a civil contract,the autonomy of the liability for breach of the administrative agreement is limited.Such as the particularity of the contracting subject,the inequality of rights and obligations between parties,and the orientation of specific public welfare purposes.Considering modern administrative law advocates the concept,protects legitimate interests of the parties and improves the government s mechanism for fulfilling promises,the principle of liability for breach of contract should adopt strict liability.Regarding the specific form of liability for breach of an administrative agreement,the relevant normative documents adopt a special model,which improperly limits the scope of liability for breach of contract and easily leads to the application of the method.In judicial practice,there are three types:continue to perform,take corresponding remedial measures and compensate for losses.