我国叶类蔬菜机械化水平现状与评价方法研究

Research on status and evaluation methods of leafy vegetable mechanization production level in China

蔬菜产业作为我国种植业第二大产业,生产全程机械化已成为我国蔬菜生产的必然趋势。叶类蔬菜是蔬菜产业的重要组成部分,机械化研究起步较晚、发展滞后,通过深入分析不结球和结球类叶类蔬菜的机械化现状、区域特点,阐明当前机械化技术瓶颈和薄弱环节,基于设施种植和露地种植分别构建叶类蔬菜生产全程机械化水平评价模型,包括耕整地、种植、田间管理、采收、产后处理5个二级指标,以及植保、灌溉、施肥、设施环境调控4个三级指标。给出促进叶类蔬菜机械化水平提升的建议措施,为科学评判叶类蔬菜产业机械化所处阶段,促进产业发展相关政策制定和具体实施提供一定的科学指导意义。

Vegetable industry has been the second largest planting industry since 2011,and the whole process of production mechanization has become an inevitable trend in our Chinese vegetable production.Leafy vegetable is an important part of vegetable industry,the research and development of leafy vegetable production mechanization has just started in recent years.In this article,through analysis the research status and the regional characteristics of leafy vegetable production mechanization,including ball leafy vegetable and non-ball leafy vegetable,the bottleneck technology and weak mechanization currently were pointed out.The whole process mechanization level evaluation model was established based on facility planting and outdoor planting leafy vegetable.It includes cultivation,planting,field management,harvesting and processing of vegetable products five secondary indexes,and plant protection,irrigation,fertilization and environmental regulation of facilities four tertiary indexes.This paper also gave the suggestions and measures to improve the mechanization level of leafy vegetable.It evaluated the mechanization stage of leafy vegetable industry scientifically,and it also provided scientific basis for promoting vegetable industry,formulating and implementing relevant policies.