器官捐献与法医鉴定的协调和实践

Coordinations and practices of organ donation and forensic identification

目的探索器官捐献与法医鉴定的协调与实践,阐明并有效化解公众视角中两者之间的概念与矛盾冲突。方法由于交通事故死亡案件涉及责任认定等事宜,需要法医提供鉴定文书,故使家属对器官捐献产生疑虑,并陷入抉择两难。分析4例因交通事故患者逝世后进行器官捐献的案例。最终导致器官捐献意愿受阻。结果供者临床病历数据资料为法医就原发性、继发性损伤及并发症与死亡之间的关系进行系统分析提供了科学可靠的依据。器官捐献和法医鉴定两者之间并不冲突也不矛盾。结论建立有效的供者法医尸检管控策略,完善相关法规与流程,并进一步明确器官获取组织(OPO)及法医工作者在器官捐献及相关案件中的工作范畴与职责,为供者家属提供科学的理论依据及司法解析,可以有效消除家属对器官捐献的顾虑及排斥,促进我国器官捐献的发展。

Objective To explore the coordinations and practices between organ donation and forensic identification and scientifically interpret and effectively resolve their contradictions and conflicts from public perspectives.Methods Four cases of organ donation after death of traffic accident were analyzed.Results No conflict or contradiction existed between organ donation and forensic identification.The data of donor's clinical medical records provided a scientific and reliable basis for systematically analyzing the relationship between primary and secondary injuries and complications and death.As an optimal donor for organ donation and transplantation,traffic accident death could promote the long-term domestic development of organ donation and transplantation.However,as traffic accident death involved the identifications of liability and other related matters and forensic autopsy mandatory for identification documents,family members were often caught in a practical dilemma so that it ultimately led to an obstruction of intended organ donation.Previous experiences proved that building effective control strategies of donor forensic autopsy,improving the relevant laws and regulations and further defining the roles of OPO organizations at all levels for various professionals and forensic specialists in organ donation and related working duties may assist a donor's family to provide a scientific theoretical basis and judicial resolutions.It can effectively eliminate the donor's family concerns and rejection of organ donation so as to promote the development of organ donation.