论《资本论》中马克思危机理论的完整性与系统性——“没有马克思的马克思主义”危机理论批判

The Integrity and Systematization of Marx’s Crisis Theory in Das Kapital——Criticism on the Crisis Theory of“Marxism without Marx”

“没有马克思的马克思主义”危机理论建立在否定马克思危机理论完整性和系统性的基础上。质疑马克思危机理论具有完整性的观点,实质上是把马克思在某个阶段的观点或结论当作最终的答案。1857年马克思计划将危机放在《世界市场》中专门地、集中地论述,是其政治经济学批判前的预设,而非其结果;《资本论》在内容上突破了马克思1862年“六册计划”中《资本一般》的范围,危机的可能性向现实性转化的论述在《资本论》中展开;信用是影响危机的重要因素,但它既不能创造危机的可能性,也不是造成危机的根本原因。马克思通过对商品关系一般、资本主义生产关系的形成、资本的直接生产过程、流通过程和总生产过程五个环节的分析,系统地论述了危机从可能性向现实性的转化。马克思危机理论的完整性、系统性与其开放性并不矛盾。

The crisis theory of“Marxism without Marx”is based on the denial of the integrity and systematization of Marxist crisis theory.The view of questioning the integrity of Marx’s crisis theory is to take Marx’s views or conclusions at a certain stage as the final answer.In 1857,Marx planned to discuss the“crisis”in the World Market in a special and concentrated way,which was the presupposition before his critique of political economics rather than as a result.Das Kapital broke through the scope of Capital in general in Marx’s“6-volume plan”in 1862 from the content,and the transformation from the possibility of crisis into reality was completed in Das Kapital.Credit is an important factor affecting the crisis,but it can neither create the possibility of the crisis nor being the root cause of the crisis.The view of questioning the systematic view of Marx’s crisis theory is to regard one aspect of Marx’s crisis theory as the only or most important content of Marx’s crisis theory in isolation.Through the analysis of the five links of commodity relationship in general,formation of capitalist production relation,direct production process of capital,circulation process and total production process,Marx systematically discussed the transformation of crisis from possibility to reality.The integrity and systematization of Marx’s crisis theory are not contradictory to its openness.