数据价值链与价值创造机制研究

Data Value Chain and the Mechanism of Value Creation

数字经济时代,数据价值链是沿着企业生产链条数据流动与价值创造相伴而动的过程,呈现出与传统价值链不同的特征:数据在各生产环节与生产工具、生产要素相结合创造价值;数据在价值链中呈现多向流动趋势,并形成流动的闭环;数据价值链能够突破企业组织边界的限制;数据价值链通过行业特定技术与新一代信息技术高度融合创造价值。数据价值链能够有效提高研发效率,降低研发成本,并提高研发针对性,降低研发风险;提高生产线局部的效率,促进数据和算法驱动下的智能制造,提高产品的良品率,降低物料损耗,实现产销精确对接;获取海量用户数据,并运用先进的数据挖掘技术进行多维度画像;为生产企业预防性维护、个性化定制等增值服务优化提供条件,在研发、制造、营销、服务等环节发挥价值创造作用。但数据价值链的价值创造也会受到数据的颗粒度、鲜活度、连接度、反馈度、响应度、加工度等因素影响。因此,为推动数据价值链发展、促进数据价值创造功能发挥,应以数字化转型引领高质量发展,促进数字化基础设施互联互通,完善数据要素市场化配置机制,进一步提升数字治理水平。

In the era of digital economy,data value chain is a process of data flow and value creation along the production chain of enterprises.It presents different characteristics from the traditional value chain:data creates value by combining production tools and production elements in each production link;data presents a multi-directional flow trend in the value chain and forms a closed loop of flow;the data value chain can break through the limits of corporate organizational boundaries;the data value chain creates value through the highly integrated industry-specific technology and the new generation of information technology.The data value chain can effectively improve R&D efficiency,reduce R&D costs,improve R&D pertinence,and reduce R&D risks;improve the partial efficiency of the production line,promote intelligent manufacturing driven by data and algorithms,improve product yield,reduce material loss,and achieve accurate production and sales;obtain massive user data,and use advanced data mining technology for multi-dimensional portrait;provide conditions for the optimization of value-added services such as preventive maintenance and personalized customization for production enterprises,and play a role in value creation in R&D,manufacturing,marketing,and services.However,the value creation of data value chain is influenced by the granularity,freshness,connectivity,feedback,responsiveness,and processing degree of data.Therefore,in order to promote the development of the data value chain and promote the function of data value creation,digital transformation should lead to high-quality development,promote the interconnection of digital infrastructure,improve the market-based allocation mechanism of data factor,and further enhance the level of digital governance.