强化地权能够促进农地流转吗?

Can Intensifying Land Property Rights Promote Land Transfers?

2004年以来,中国的农地流转率一直在快速提升。但以2009年为转折点,随后进入减速阶段,这显然与新一轮农地确权的政策预期并不一致。学界不仅对此缺乏解释,对于农地确权与农地流转的关系也尚未达成基本共识。文章将农民地权强化分为"还权松管"、"赋权强能"两种形式,借鉴税收与经济增长的理论模型,并将农地确权的收入效应区分由"还权松管"引致的农地流转收益、由"赋权强能"引致的农地生产性收益和在位控制权收益,由此阐明地权强化的不同方式对农地流转的差异化影响。利用2006-2016年中国省级面板数据,并使用同时处理组内自相关与组间同期相关的FGLS模型的估计结果表明,以"还权松管"和"赋权强能"表达的产权强化分别促进和抑制了农地流转。随着农地流转的管制放松以及产权强化程度的不断提高,进一步的"赋权强能",尤其是农地确权的实施,不仅无益于促进农地流转,反而抑制了农地流转。文章认为,农地的"人格化财产"属性决定了农地确权并不能因为单纯的经济收益而激励流转,禀赋效应的强化也是确权的必然结果。因此,以促进农地流转为主线的农地制度安排,应该做出重要调整。

Since 2004,Chinese land transfer rate dramatically increased.However,taking 2009 as the turning point,the growth rate of land transfers started decreasing,which is inconsistent with the policy aims of the new-round land titling.But,this paradox is still under-analyzed and there is still no agreement on the relationship between land titling and land transfers.The paper divides the intensification of land property rights into"Returning Rights and Deregulation"and"Empowerment and Intensifying Functions",refers to the theoretical model analyzing tax revenue and economic growth,divides the income effects of land titling into the income of land transfers caused by"Returning Rights and Deregulation"and the income of land operation and control right cause by"Empowerment and Intensifying Functions"to identify the differential effects of intensifying land property rights on land transfers.Using provincial panel data of China from 2006 to 2016 and employing the FGLS model to deal with intra group autocorrelation and intergroup synchronic correlation,the results show that"Returning Rights and Deregulation"and"Empowerment and Intensifying Functions"positively and negatively affect land transfers,respectively.However,with the increase of deregulation and intensifying land property rights,additional"Empowerment and Intensifying Functions",especially the implementation of the new-round land titling,impedes land transfers.This paper implies that the characteristics of personalized property of land determine that the economic income caused by land titling cannot encourage land transfers,and land titling will strengthen endowment effect.Therefore,the institutional arrangement focusing on promoting land transfers should be deeply adjusted.