应对新冠肺炎疫情财政政策的国际比较与借鉴

International Comparison and References on Fiscal Policies Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic

新冠肺炎疫情暴发之后,各国政府相继出台一系列财政政策,以应对疫情。本文通过分析美国、日本、德国、俄罗斯等四国疫情期间出台的财政政策及其政策背景发现,上述四国财政政策刺激规模巨大,但抗击疫情支出规模相对较小,进而得出财政政策并非为了全面应对新冠疫情,而是针对经济衰退的结论。这些财政政策存在财政货币化、财政政策失灵和财政赤字等风险,我国制定财政政策时应谨慎选择借鉴,深入考量相关政策背景、制度差异和经济发展阶段等因素。

On the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,governments of various countries successively introduced a series of fiscal policies to combat the epidemic.This paper analyzes the fiscal policies and policy backgrounds of the United States,Japan,Germany and Russia during the epidemic,and finds that the scale of the fiscal policies of the above four countries is huge,but the portion of expenditure on combating the epidemic is relatively small.Thus,it reaches the conclusion that these policies were not solely for combating the epidemic,but for dealing with the recession.These fiscal policies have risks such as fiscal monetization,fiscal policy failure,and fiscal deficits.The Chinese government should carefully choose fiscal policies and have in-depth consideration of relevant policy backgrounds,institutional differences,and economic development stages.