基于实时荧光RT-PCR法对新型冠状病毒核酸检测的研究

Real-Time Fluorescent RT-PCR-Based Nucleic Acid Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2

新型冠状病毒肺炎是由一种新的冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的急性呼吸道传染病,以发热、咳嗽、乏力为主要临床表现,严重者会出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征甚至死亡。该病毒传染性强,主要通过飞沫传播,已经对人的身体健康、国家经济及世界公共卫生安全造成了严重的损害。目前,临床诊断主要依据患者流行病学、临床表现、胸部CT及实验室检查,其中实验室检查中的实时荧光RT-PCR和基因组测序为诊断金标准。选择快速、高效的病原学检测方法对提高疾病诊断率、治愈率,降低患病率、死亡率起关键作用。RT-PCR相较于基因组测序具有操作简单、周期短的优点,对新型冠状病毒的确诊尤为重要。本文就不同实时荧光RT-PCR法对新型冠状病毒核酸检测的灵敏度、特异性和实用性等方面进行综述,为临床医生选择更为高效的核酸检测方法提供参考。

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by infection by SARS-CoV-2.The main clinical manifestations are fever,cough,fatigue,respiratory distress,and even death.The virus is highly contagious,spreads mainly through droplets,and has wrought havoc upon human health,national economies,and publichealth systems worldwide.The clinical diagnosis is based mainly on clinical manifestations,computed tomography of the chest,and laboratory examinations.For the latter,real-time fluorescent reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and genome sequencing are the"gold standard"for the diagnosis.Choosing a rapid and efficient method for pathogen detection has a key role in improving the diagnosis rate,cure rate,as well as reducing morbidity and mortality.Compared with genome sequencing,RT-qPCR has the advantages of simple operation and short cycle,which is particularly important for the diagnosis of SARSCoV-2.Here,we review the sensitivity,specificity,and practicality of different methods of RT-qPCR for detection of the nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2,and provide a reference for clinicians to choose more efficient detection methods for nucleic acids.