溃疡性结肠炎薄白苔和黄腻苔患者的肠道菌群特征分析

Analysis of intestinal microbiota characteristics in ulcerative colitis patients with thin white fur and yellow greasy fur

目的通过分析溃疡性结肠炎(UC)薄白苔、黄腻苔患者的肠道菌群特征,探讨UC患者舌苔与肠道菌群之间的关系。方法选取UC薄白苔患者、UC黄腻苔患者、健康对照者各35例,分别设为UC薄白苔组、UC黄腻苔组、健康对照组。收集粪便标本,采用16S rDNA基因测序分析技术和生物信息学方法分析比较各组肠道菌群的多样性和丰度。结果 (1)与健康对照组比较,UC薄白苔、黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群物种的丰富度和多样性降低(P<0.001),肠道菌群物种数量减少;与UC薄白苔组比较,UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群丰富度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但肠道菌群物种数量减少。(2)门水平差异分析:与健康对照组比较,UC薄白苔、黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)减少(P<0.05);与UC薄白苔组比较,UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)增多(P<0.05)。(3)属水平差异分析:与健康对照组比较,UC薄白苔组患者肠道菌群中埃希氏-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)等增多(P<0.05),罕见小球菌属(Subdoligranulum)、多尔氏菌属(Dorea)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、罗氏菌属(Roseburia)等减少(P<0.05);UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中埃希氏-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)等增多(P<0.05),多尔氏菌属(Dorea)、罕见小球菌属(Subdoligranulum)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、考拉杆菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)、罗氏菌属(Roseburia)等减少(P<0.05)。与UC薄白苔组比较,UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群链球菌(Streptococcus)增多(P<0.05),巨球型菌属(Megasphaera)、拟普氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、奈瑟氏菌属(Neisseria)等减少(P<0.05)。(4)LDA判定(纲、目、科水平):UC薄白苔组患者肠道菌群中普氏菌科(fPrevotellaceae)、奈瑟氏球菌目(oNeisseriales)、奈瑟氏球菌科(fNeisseriaceae)丰度显著多于UC黄腻苔组(LDA>2.0),UC黄腻苔组患者肠道菌群中杆菌纲(cBacilli)、乳杆菌目(oLactobacillales)、链球菌科(fStreptococcaceae)、消化链球菌科(fPeptostreptococcaceae)丰度显著高于UC薄白苔组(LDA>2.0)。结论 UC薄白苔、黄腻苔患者肠道菌群丰富度和多样性均较健康者明显下降;UC薄白苔患者和UC黄腻苔患者在肠道菌群组成和细菌丰度上均存在差异,黄腻苔患者肠道致病性细菌增多而具有潜在保护作用的细菌减少;肠道菌群检测可以为舌诊现代化提供一定的信息。

Objective To analyze the intestinal microbiota characteristics in ulcerative colitis(UC) patients with thin white fur(TWF) and yellow greasy fur(YGF), and to explore the relationship between tongue fur and intestinal microbiota in UC patients. Methods Thirty-five UC patients with TWF, 35 UC patients with YGF and 35 healthy persons were included to form UCTWF group,UCYGF group and healthy control( HC) group respectively. Fecal specimens were collected,and 16 S r DNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze and compare the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota in each group. Results(1)Compared with HC group,the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota decreased significantly( P<0.001) in UCTWF group and UCYGF group,and the number of intestinal microbiota species decreased. Compared with UCTWF group,there was no significant difference in intestinal microbiota abundance in UCYGF group( P>0.05),but the number of intestinal microbiota species decreased.(2)At the phylum level: compared with HC group,the intestinal microbiota of UCTWF group and UCYGF group decreased in the content of Firmicutes( P<0.05). Compared with UCTWF group,the intestinal microbiota of UCYGF group increased in the content of Cyanobacteria( P<0.05).(3) At the genus level: Compared with HC group,the contents of Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus increased( P<0.05),while the contents of Subdoligranulum,Dorea,Ruminococcus and Roseburia decreased( P<0.05) in the intestinal microbiota of UCTWF group;Compared with HC group,the contents of Escherichia-Shigella and Lactobacillus increased( P<0.05),while the contents of Dorea,Subdoligranulum,Ruminococcus,Phascolarctobacterium and Roseburia decreased( P<0.05) in the intestinal microbiota of UCYGF group. Compared with UCTWF group,the content of Streptococcus increased( P<0.05) while the contents of Megasphaera,Alloprevotella,Prevotella and Neisseria decreased( P<0.05) in intestinal microbiota of UCYGF group.(4)At the levels of class,order and family,the abundance of f_Prevotellaceae,o _ Neisseriales and f _ Neisseriaceae in the intestinal microbiota of UCTWF group was significantly higher than that of UCYGF group( LDA > 2. 0). The abundance of c _ Bacilli,o _ Lactobacillales,f _ Streptococccaceae and f _ Peptostreptococccaceae in UCYGF group was significantly higher than that in UCTWF group( LDA>2.0). Conclusions The abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota in UC patients with thin white fur and yellow greasy fur were significantly lower than those in healthy patients. There are differences in intestinal microbiota composition and abundance between UC patients with thin white fur and UC patients with yellow greasy fur. Pathogenic bacteria increase while bacteria with potential protective effect decrease in the intestinal tract of UC patients with yellow greasy fur. Intestinal microbiota detection can provide valuable information for the modernization of tongue diagnosis.