日本核损害赔偿中的替代性纠纷解决机制及其启示

Japan’s Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism on Nuclear Damage Compensation and Its Implications

我国核立法应当考虑构建专门的核损害赔偿纠纷解决机制。对于这方面,日本是值得考察的样本。日本通过《原子力损害赔偿法》设立原子力损害赔偿纷争审查委员会。该审查委员会是临时性非行政机构,可以调解核损害赔偿纠纷。日本将这一处理核损害赔偿纠纷的机制定位于和司法机制并行的替代性纠纷解决机制。这一机制在福岛核事故后的核损害纠纷案件处理中取得的运行成效和面临的问题对我国制度构建有很大的启示,建立专门的核损害赔偿纠纷处理机构应当从组织定位、职能配置、运行机制安排和能力条件保障等方面进行妥善设计,确保机构在保持中立性、专业性和公益性的基础上高效地处理核损害赔偿纠纷。

China should consider to construct a special dispute resolution mechanism on nuclear damage compensation.Japan is a sample worth studying.Japan established the Dispute Reconciliation Committee for Nuclear Damage Compensation through the Law on Compensation for Nuclear Power Damage.The Committee is a temporary non-administrative body which can mediate nuclear damages disputes.Japan has positioned the mechanism to deal with nuclear damage compensation dispute as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism parallel to the judicial mechanism.The implications from the operational experience of this mechanism in Fukushima nuclear accident are that,for China,a special nuclear damage compensation dispute resolution institution should be properly designed from the aspects of its organizational role,functional allocation,operation mechanism arrangement,and capacity and conditions guarantee,to ensure that it efficiently deals with nuclear damage compensation disputes on the basis of neutrality,professionalism and public service.