2010—2018年通辽市手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological feature analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Tongliao City from 2010 to 2018

目的了解通辽市近9年手足口病流行特征和病原种类,为下一步制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,阐述通辽市2010-2018年手足口病病例流行特征,对病原学监测结果进行统计分析。结果2010-2018年全市共报告手足口病16277例,其中重症309例,死亡6例,年平均发病率为57.54/10万。患者男女比例为1.43∶1,年龄以≤5岁为主(88.36%),散居和幼托儿童占发病总数的91.71%。2010-2018年期间,全市手足口病报告发病数居丙类传染病首位,发病高峰在6-7月。在958例实验室确诊病例中,EV-A71型病毒阳性占43.95%,其他EV阳性占37.99%,Cox A16型阳性占18.06%,不同年份EV-A71、Cox A16和其他EV阳性构成差异有统计学意义(χ^2=220.118,P=0.005)。结论通辽市手足口病高发人群为年龄≤5岁儿童,发病有明显季节性,不同年份主要病原种类不同,EV-A71相对占优势。

Objective To explore the epidemiological features and pathogen types of hand-foot-mouth disease in Tongliao City within the past 9 years,and provide scientific basis for subsequent formulation of prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the epidemiological features of hand-foot-mouth disease cases reported in Tongliao City from 2010 to 2018.The results of pathogen monitoring were analyzed statistically.Results From 2010 to 2018,a total of 16277 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in this city,including 309 severe cases and 6 deaths.The annual average incidence rate was 57.54/100000.The ratio of male to female cases was 1.43∶1,the patient’s age was mainly≤5 years old(88.36%),and the scattered and child care children accounted for 91.71%of the total number of cases.The number of reported cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in this city ranked first in Class C infectious diseases,and the peak incidence occurred in June and July.Among 958 laboratory confirmed patients,EV-A71 positive cases accounted for 43.95%,other enterovirus positive cases accounted for 37.99%,and Cox A16 positive cases accounted for 18.06%.There were statistically significant differences in EV-A71,Cox A16 and other enterovirus positive components in different years(χ^2=220.118,P=0.005).Conclusions The high-risk population of hand-foot-mouth disease in Tongliao City is in children under 5 years old.The incidence has obvious seasonality.The main pathogens are different in different years.EV-A71 is relatively dominant.