玉带凤蝶访花及求偶过程中的视觉及嗅觉识别行为

Visual and Olfactory Response of Papilio polytes During Foraging and Courtship

[目的]解析玉带凤蝶的视觉和嗅觉在觅食和求偶过程中的识别和选择规律,讨论玉带凤蝶的视觉和嗅觉在觅食和求偶过程中的生态学意义。[方法]通过玉带凤蝶自然种群访问颜色、气味和颜色加气味的试验,自然种群求偶和访塑封模型试验,分析玉带凤蝶觅食及求偶时的视觉及嗅觉利用权重。[结果]在无气味的7种颜色的假花条件下,玉带凤蝶对红、蓝和紫色显示出了明显的颜色趋性。在假花上喷洒蜂蜜水后,雌、雄蝶访花次数均增加3.16倍;在无颜色的花香挥发物(β-石竹烯、苯甲醛)试验中,玉带凤蝶访问数量很少,增加颜色后,雌、雄蝶访花次数增加了60~120倍,说明颜色的诱集作用超过气味;而访问单一颜色与加上花香挥发物后比较,增加倍数只有1%~5%,说明气味对玉带凤蝶的诱集作用较小。在求偶过程中,玉带凤蝶对塑封模型的访问与自然种群求偶的追逐类型及比例相似,说明玉带凤蝶可利用视觉识别雌雄。在自然光和紫外光下,玉带凤蝶雌、雄蝶翅膀颜色和图案区别明显,可能是该蝶识别配偶的一个指标。[结论]玉带凤蝶在觅食及求偶时均以视觉为主、嗅觉为辅。

[Objective]To analyze the recognition and selection rules of Papilio polytes'visual and olfactory response during foraging and courtship,and to further discuss their ecological significance.[Method]Through colorvisit,odor-visit,color plus odor-visit,courtship and artificial models-visit experiments in natural population butterflies to analyze the visual and olfactory weight factor of P.polytes in foraging and courtship.[Result]Under the condition of odorless 7-color artificial flowers,the P.polytes showed obvious color tendency to red,blue,and purple.After spraying honey on the artificial flowers,the frequency of female and male butterfly foraging increased by 3.16 times.In the colorless floral volatiles foraging experiment(β-caryophyllene,benzaldehyde),the frequency of butterfly foraging was less;after add odor to color,the frequency of female and male butterfly foraging increased by 60 to 120 times,indicating that the attractant effect of color exceeds odor.However,compared with the single color and floral volatiles,the increase ratio was only 1%~5%,indicating that the effect of scent on the collection of P.polytes was small.In the process of courtship,the visit to the plastic seal model was similar to that of the natural population in the type and proportion of courtship,indicating that the butterfly could use color and stripes to identify male and female.[Conclusion]P.polytes is mainly visual and supplemented by olfaction when foraging and courtship.