旅游者幸福感:概念化及其量表开发

Tourist Well-being:Conceptualization and Scale Development

旅游是国民获得幸福的重要途径,但如何科学地测量旅游者幸福感却是研究的难题所在。已有的旅游者幸福感研究基本遵循“拿来主义”取向,直接采用其他领域的幸福感测量方式来捕捉旅游者的幸福感。由于缺乏针对旅游的情境化尝试,现有的旅游者幸福感测量未能真正反映其本质内涵,也导致出现诸多自相矛盾的结论。针对上述问题,本文站在主位研究视角(旅游者视角)提出了旅游者幸福感定义,并基于原型理论,在严格遵循量表开发流程的基础上通过质性研究(深度访谈与关键事件法)与实证研究,最终构建出旅游者幸福感的测量模型。本文认为,旅游者幸福感作为一个多维构念由六个维度构成,分别是积极情感、控制感、个人成长、成就体验、社会联结和沉浸体验。本文研究为学界提供了测量旅游者幸福感的方式,为进一步探究该构念的前因后果提供了工具基础。

Tourism is a significant way for citizens to achieve happiness,however,the approach in scientifically measuring Tourist Well-being is still a conundrum in academic research.The majority of existing researches basically followed the“Copinism”orientation,which directly used happiness measurement methods from other fields to capture Tourist Well-being.Since current contextualization attempts did not aim specifically at tourism,existing measurements of Tourist Well-being fail to truly reflect its essential connotation,which also led to many self-contradictory conclusions.For example,some researches indicated that tourism activities enhance individual subjective well-being,but other researches did not find that tourism has a positive effect on well-being.Aiming at these problems,this paper propose the definition of Tourist Well-being from the thematic research approach based on the tourist perspective,and build a measurement model of Tourist Well-being on the basis of the prototype theory,through strictly following the scale development process and using qualitative research like in-depth interviews,critical incident technique,and empirical research.The paper proposes Tourist Well-being as a multi-dimensional construct composed of six dimensions,which includes positive emotions,sense of control,individual growth,achievement experience,social connection,flow experience.Positive emotions refer to the positive feelings experienced by tourists while traveling.Sense of control stands for tourists’level of how their own behavior are controlled and influenced surrounding environment during traveling.Individual growth means that tourists have a state of continuous self-development and self-improvement.Achievement experience refers to the emergence of the sense of conquest and accomplishment an individual gained during the trip,as well as the perception of their own abilities and talents.Social connection can be understood as a process in which individuals are accepted and recognized by others when they are traveling,and can interact well with others.As for the flow experience,it is mainly used to describe the state where people applied all attentions in tourism activities,they will not be affected or disturbed,and blended with the surroundings.This paper tries to provide a method in measuring Tourist Well-being for academia,and to lay a scale foundation for further exploration of antecedents and consequences of this construct.