《民法典》离婚登记冷静期的正当性分析

Analysis on the Legitimacy of the Calm Period of Divorce Registration in Civil Code

《民法典》离婚登记冷静期制度引起舆论热议。基于适用范围限缩、离婚自由、"结婚冷静期"的反对意见存在对我国社会现实或立法现状的误解,不构成有效批评。离婚登记冷静期以个人利益的实现为立法目的,通过有限度的自由限制,使当事人接近"经济人"假设,且不存在可替代的干预更轻的手段,是以可控的实施成本实现了对迫切利益的反哺,其正当性可以通过比例原则的检验。离婚登记冷静期将对"通谋型""双方坚定型""一方坚定型""冲动型"离婚分别产生一定的正面立法效果和可控的负面立法效果,在预测范围内不存在动摇其正当性的因素。

The calm period of divorce registration in Civil Code has aroused heated public opinions.The objections on the universality of the system,the freedom of divorce and the"calm period of getting marriage"are based on some misunderstandings about the social reality or legislative status quo in China,which do not constitute effective criticism.The calm period of divorce registration takes the realization of personal interests as the legislative purpose.It makes the civil subject close to the hypothesis of"economic man"through limited freedom restriction.There is no alternative and lighter means of intervention.It realizes the urgent interests with controllable implementation cost.Thus,its legitimacy can be tested by the principle of proportionality.The calm period of divorce registration will have positive legislative effect and controllable negative legislative effect on"conspiracy type","two sides firm type","one party firm type"and"impulsive type"divorce and there is no factor to shake its legitimacy in the predicted range.