重大突发事件中政府介入慈善活动的法治化建构

The Rule of Law for Legal Empowerment of Government Involved in Charitable Activities in Severe Emergencies

新冠肺炎疫情暴发初期,慈善活动中的民间自主配置失衡,政府在重大突发公共事件中介入慈善活动的行为引发广泛关注和讨论。重大突发事件应对中,民间慈善存在信息不对称、统筹协调能力缺乏、灵活度不够等问题,政府基于公共利益优先原则和基本权利保护义务介入慈善活动具有正当性和必要性。对我国现行法律框架下慈善法律体系和突发事件应对法律体系进行检视可看出,对于重大突发事件中政府介入慈善活动这一议题,现有立法存在制度供给不足的问题。未来需要秉持"必要且适度"的立法理念,通过修订《慈善法》等方式,明确非常态突发事件下政府介入的方式与限度,授予政府自行组织并展开募捐等权力,以实现构建重大突发公共事件中政府介入慈善活动的法治化建构。

During the initial phase of the novel coronavirus pneumonia,the private allocation of charity activities was unbalanced,and the government’s intervention in charity activities in major public emergencies caused widespread concern.In response to severe emergencies,non-governmental charities have problems such as information asymmetry,lack of overall coordination capabilities,and insufficient flexibility.It is justified and necessary for the government to intervene in charitable activities based on the principle of public interest priority and basic rights protection obligations.A review of the legal system for charity and emergency response shows that the legislation has insufficient system supply for the issue of government intervention in charitable activities in severe emergencies.In the future,it is necessary to uphold the"necessary and appropriate"legislative concept,through amendments to the Charity Law,etc.,to clarify the ways and limits of government intervention in abnormal emergencies,and to grant the government the power to organize fundraising on its own to achieve the construction of severe emergencies.