恩格斯:马克思哲学守正创新第一人

Engels,the First Person to Adhere to and Innovate Marxist Philosophy

本文拟阐明恩格斯不仅是马克思实现伟大哲学变革的重要合作者,而且是马克思生前及逝世后,对这一新哲学世界观坚持和发展当之无愧的第一人。文章从以下三个方面进行了论证:一是打通认识论和本体论,破解“自在之物”之谜,对马克思创立的哲学世界观进行科学的概括,奠基自然辩证法,确立唯物辩证法;二是打通思想史的古今,提出“哲学的基本问题”,对哲学思想史进行科学总结,为正确认识哲学史和开展哲学斗争提供科学依据;三是打通德国古典哲学和马克思哲学,科学阐明马克思哲学变革的实质和意义,现代西方哲学从德国古典哲学“向右转”走入绝境,从另一方面证明马克思主义是德国古典哲学的合理继承者。

This paper will demonstrate that Engels was not only an important collaborator in Marx's great revolution in philosophy,he also rightfully deserved credit for being the first person who held to and developed this new philosophical world outlook during and after Marx's lifetime.The paper argues from the following three aspects:firstly,Engels connected epistemology and ontology,solved the mystery of“thing-in-itself”,scientifically summarized the philosophical world outlook founded by Marx,laid the foundation of natural dialectics,and established materialistic dialectics.Secondly,Engels connected the history of thought between the past and present,put forward“the basic question of philosophy”,made a scientific summary of the history of philosophical thought,thereby provided basis for correctly understanding the history of philosophy and carrying out philosophical struggle.Thirdly,Engels connected the classical German philosophy and Marx's philosophy,scientifically elaborated the meaning and significance of Marx's revolution in philosophy.The desperate situation of modern western philosophy turning to the right from the classical German philosophy,proves that Marxism is the reasonable successor of the classical German philosophy from the other hand.