恩格斯对马克思主义政治经济学的重大贡献

Engels' Major Contribution to Marxist Political Economy

恩格斯早年写下了《国民经济学批判大纲》等天才著作,推动了马克思对政治经济学的研究。马克思和恩格斯通过书信不断交换意见,共同探讨政治经济学问题,使马克思主义政治经济学理论逐步形成,并且不断丰富、发展和完善。恩格斯撰写的《反杜林论》和《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》等重要著作,进一步明确了政治经济学的研究对象,丰富了价值理论、剩余价值理论的内涵,用历史唯物主义的观点揭示了家庭、私有制、国家的产生、发展和演变的历史趋势。马克思去世以后,恩格斯完成了《资本论》第2卷、第3卷的整理编辑和出版工作,对马克思主义政治经济学的创立和发展作出了不可磨灭的贡献。19世纪末,自由竞争的资本主义开始向垄断的资本主义过渡,恩格斯通过对这一现象的深入研究,初步揭示了自由竞争和垄断之间的内在联系,概括了垄断资本主义的基本特征。

In his early years,Engels wrote a series of genius works such as A Critical Outline of National Economics,which promoted Marx’s study of political economy. Marx and Engels exchanged views and discussed political economy through letters,promoted the gradual formation of Marxist political economy,and its enrichment,development and improvement thereafter. Engels’ important works such as Anti-Dühring and The Origin of the Family,Private Ownership and the State,further clarified the object of political economy research,enriched the connotation of the theory of value and the theory of surplus value,and revealed the historical trend of the emergence,development and evolution of the family,private ownership and the state from the viewpoint of historical materialism. After the death of Marx,Engels completed the editing and publication of volumes 2 and 3 of Das Kapital,made an indelible contribution to the founding and development of Marxist political economy. At the end of the 19 th century,when the capitalism began to turned from free competition to monopoly,Engels revealed the inner connection between free competition and monopoly through an in-depth study of this phenomenon and summarized the basic features of monopoly capitalism.