胡塞尔时间观的起源——以詹姆斯等人的时间观为对勘的辨析

The Origin of Husserl′s View of Time——An Analysis Based on Comparison with James and Others′Views of Time

时间问题对20世纪的思想家产生了深刻触动:胡塞尔认为以布伦塔诺为代表的描述心理学的方式不能解决认识何以可能的问题,他将意向性地包含过去和现在的意识统一性当作现象学的材料进行分析并提出“滞留”概念;詹姆斯认为严格意义上的现在是一种抽象;迈农通过区分时间分布对象与非时间分布对象来说明时间序列的呈现并不是在一个不可分割的瞬间发生的;斯特恩认为关于时间分布对象的意识必须是自足的。通过对胡塞尔和詹姆斯等人的时间观进行辨析,对理解胡塞尔的内时间意识及其超越论思想具有重要意义。

The problem of time had a profound impact on the thinkers of the 20th century.Husserl thought that the way of descriptive psychology represented by Brentano could not solve the problem of how cognition is possible.He analyzed the unity of consciousness intentionally containing the past and the present as the material of phenomenology,and put forward the concept of″retention″.James thought that the present,in a strict sense,was an abstraction.By distinguishing temporally distributed objects and temporally undistributed objects,A.Meinong showed that the presentation of time series did not occur at an indivisible moment.L.W.Stern believed that the consciousness about the temporally distributed objects must be self-sufficient.This paper made an analysis of the views of Husserl,James and others,which is of great significance for understanding Husserl′s consciousness of inner time and his transcendental thoughts.