现象学视域下马克思异化劳动的本质结构

The Essential Structure of Marx's Alienated Labor in the Perspective of Phenomenology

异化劳动是资本主义生产条件下劳动的特定被给予方式。资本主义生产资料私有制作为工人与资本家关系的物的形式以一种不在场的方式构成了异化劳动的前提与基础。运用现象学的本质直观方法可发现,异化劳动的本质结构呈现为"主体与物的关系→主体间关系→主体性"的逐层决定关系。普凡德尔关于基础本质和经验本质的区分和海德格尔基于存在论视角设想的关于此在的本真状态和非本真状态的划分,在价值取向和思维方式上与马克思关于人以自由自觉为表征的类本质和人的现实的异化本质的划分同理。而海德格尔对现代人生存的本真状态的价值追求,进一步延续了马克思对现代社会的深刻批判。

Alienated Labor is labored specific manner that is given under conditions of Capitalism production.Capitalism private ownership of means of production as physical form of relationship of workers and capitalists that consists premise and foundation of alienated labor in a way of without presence.Employing the phenomenological method,the essence structure of alienated labor can be interpreted as a progressive deciding relationship as is showed here--"relationship between subject and object→relationship of inter-subjectivity→subjectivity".The rationale of Pfander's views on distinguishing of the basic essence and experience essence and of Heidegger's distinction between true state and untrue state based on ontological perspective is the same with that of Marx's division of the category of the two different natures--the nature featured by seeking for freedom and consciousness and the alienated nature in reality.And Heidegger's value pursuit of the true state of modern survival,further continued Marx's profound critique of modern society.