芜湖地区622例母乳营养成分检测分析

Analysis of nutritional components in 622 cases of breast milk in Wuhu area

目的通过对母乳营养成分进行检测分析芜湖地区母乳营养状况及其影响因素。方法对622位乳母采集母乳,采用Miris HMA型母乳分析仪对母乳标本进行营养素测定,分别以不同生育年龄、早产儿和足月儿、不同分娩方式、不同BMI、初乳和成熟乳进行分组,比较各组间母乳营养成分的差异。结果①不同生育年龄段乳母的乳汁、早产儿与足月儿母亲的乳汁在脂肪、蛋白质、糖类、干物质及总能量含量上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②剖宫产与阴道分娩相比,母亲母乳在脂肪、干物质、总能量含量上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但蛋白质含量更高、糖类含量更低(P<0.001)。③不同BMI母亲母乳在糖类含量上各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在蛋白质、干物质、总能量及脂肪含量上,随着乳母BMI值升高而升高。④初乳中蛋白质含量明显高于成熟乳(P<0.05),而脂肪、糖类、干物质及总能量均低于成熟乳(P<0.05)。结论母乳营养成分的改变与分娩方式、BMI和产后时间有关。初乳的免疫蛋白含量高,应重视初乳在临床的应用。

Objective The nutritional status of breast milk and its influencing factors were analyzed through the detection of the nutritional components of breast milk in Wuhu area.Methods Breast milk was collected from 622 nursing mothers,and the nutrients of breast milk samples were detected by the Miris HMA breast milk analyzer.They were grouped by age of birth,premature and full-term infants,delivery style,BMI,colostrum and mature milk.The differences in breast milk nutrition were compared between groups.Results①There was no significant difference in the contents of fat,protein,carbohydrate,dry matter and total energy of breast milk between mothers of different birth ages as well as between mothers of premature and mothers of full-term infants(P>0.05).②There were no statistically significant differences in the contents of fat,dry matter and total energy of breast milk between cesarean section mothers and vaginal delivery mothers(P>0.05),but the breast milk from cesarean section mothers had higher protein content and lower carbohydrate content(P<0.001).③There was no significant difference in carbohydrate content of breast milk between mothers with different BMI(P>0.05).However,the contents of protein,dry matter,total energy and fat increased with the increase of nursing mothers’BMI.④The protein content in colostrum was significantly higher than that in mature milk(P<0.05),while the contents of fat,carbohydrate,dry matter and total energy were all lower than those in mature milk(P<0.05).Conclusion Nutrition changes in breast milk are related to delivery way,BMI and postpartum duration.The content of immune protein in colostrum is high,so we should pay attention to the clinical application of colostrum.