回顾广西柑橘黄龙病防控(1982-2020)

A Review of Citrus Huanglongbing Control in Guangxi from1982 to 2020

广西柑橘八十年代中后期已发展到13.3万hm^2,但由于种苗混乱及规模连片种植,对黄龙病认识还不统一,病树、木虱得不到很好控制,导致黄龙病毁园不断;广西最大的华山、新光农场数万亩柑橘毁于一旦,柳州、桂林等主产区也相继爆发黄龙病,产业二十年徘徊不前。1982年美国加州大学Roistacher教授应邀到广西桂林作了题为《柑橘茎尖微芽嫁接脱毒》学术报告。同年10月,林孔湘教授应邀赴广西桂林、南宁做柑橘无病虫栽培的报告,并给广西领导写信:呼吁建设柑橘无病虫苗圃。1984年开始,广西壮族自治区柑桔研究所启动茎尖微芽嫁接脱毒研究,并成功脱除黄龙病、裂皮病、碎叶病,建立了广西柑橘无病良繁体系,现存脱毒优良株系114个,为广西柑橘黄龙病防控打下坚实基础。2004年12月,周常勇在“广西全区柑橘无病栽培及无公害栽培技术高级研修研班”上呼吁加强柑橘无病毒苗木繁育体系的建设;白先进也在培训班上报道了广西柑橘黄龙病发生的严重程度,疾呼普及黄龙病防控知识,提出:像防控“非典”一样防控黄龙病,引起了自治区农业厅领导的高度重视。2005年1月,法国波尔多大学教授Bové带领巴西一行到广西考察交流黄龙病防控情况,目睹了黄龙病在广西严重危害状况。2005年12月,广西农业厅启动柑橘黄龙病治理,创新防控机制,推行产区政府责任制,加大宣传培训力度,普及防控黄龙病知识,建立群防群控机制、村规民约,在推广无病毒苗木、严防木虱、及时清理病树上(俗称“三板斧”)下足功夫,黄龙病蔓延态势得到控制,产业由13.3万hm^2迅速发展到2019年的55.3万hm^2,产量达1124.5万t,成为全国第一大柑橘产区。2010年4月,全国柑橘黄龙病联防联控在广西富川县启动。2013年首次完成公布柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种中国株系的全基因组序列。2013年11月,法国波尔多大学Bové教授在赵学源研究员陪同下,8年后再次率队访问广西,见证并赞赏广西柑橘黄龙病防控成果。2014年6月,农业部在广西桂林主持召开了全国柑橘黄龙病防控现场会。2018年黄龙病防控研究第一次列入省级重大专项,对柑橘黄龙病发病区域遥感识别、超高灵敏性黄龙病菌分子检测技术、黄龙病安全治疗非抗生素药剂筛选、黄龙病菌致病机制、木虱趋避技术、耐(抗)黄龙病柑橘种质资源收集与创制、基于枝梢控制技术的柑橘木虱种群控制方法以及基于AI技术的黄龙病田间快速识别及预警技术等多个方面开展研究。2019年中国第一部地区性黄龙病防控法规在广西诞生。黄龙病防控是一场持久战,要巩固防控成果,必须有重视控制新冠肺炎一样的责任感,继续加大防控力度,不断总结经验,提高防控效率,才能确保柑橘产业行稳致远。

In the middle and late 1980s,citrus industry had developed up to 133000 hm2 in Guangxi.However,due to the limited knowledge in understanding Citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),the seedlings were large-scale continuously planted while the production of seedlings was not regulated,the diseased trees and psyllids could not be under controlled,which led to constant destruction of many citrus groves including the Huashan Farm and Xin'guang Farm,two largest farms in Guangxi.HLB broke out in Liuzhou,Guilin and other major production areas in succession and the citrus industry has been struggling for two decades.In 1982,Professor Roistacher was invited to make a presentation entitled“Elimination of Citrus Virus by Shoot-tip Grafting”in Guilin.Within the same year,Professor Kong-xiang Lin was also invited to Guilin and Nanning to make presentations on disease-free cultivation of citrus.Since 1984,the Guangxi Citrus Institute has engaged the study of virus elimination by shoot-tip micrografting.HLB pathogen,Citrus exocortis viroid(CEVd)and Citrus tatter leaf virus(CTLV)were successfully eliminated,and a pathogen-free propagation system for citrus was established in Guangxi.These efforts ultimately led to develop 114 virus-free citrus germplasms,which has laid a solid foundation for the prevention and control of citrus HLB in Guangxi.In December.2004,Chang-yong Zhou called for strengthening the construction of virusfree citrus seedling propagation system in“Advanced Study Class on Disease-free and Pollution Free Cultivation Techniques of Citrus in Guangxi”.Xian-jin Bai also reported the severity of HLB in Guangxi and appealed for dissemination of HLB control knowledge and addressed that HLB must be strictly controlled much like SARS in the class,which sparked the great attention of the authority of the Guangxi Department of Agriculture.In December.2005,the Guangxi Department of Agriculture initiated the innovative management of citrus HLB,promoted the system of government responsibility in citrus production areas,intensified publicity and training efforts,popularized knowledge of HLB control,established mass prevention and control mechanisms and village rules and regulations,and put integrated management strategies into effect:propagation of virus-free trees,suppression of psyllid populations and removal of HLB-affected trees.Since then,the epidemic situation of HLB was effectively mitigated and the citrus industry developed rapidly from 130000 hm 2 to 553000 hm 2 in 2019 making Guangxi the largest citrus production area in China.In April 2010,the National HLB Joint Control ceremony was launched in Fuchuan county.In 2013,the full genome sequence of the Chinese strain of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was released for the first time.In June 2014,National Citrus Huanglongbing Control Conference was hold in Guilin.The HLB control was listed as a prominent provincial project for the first time in 2018.Studies on remote sensing monitoring citrus HLB incidence areas,ultra-sensitive molecular detection of HLB,screening of non-antibiotic(fungicides or bactericides)for safe treatment of HLB-affected trees,psyllid repellent technique,identification and development of of HLB-tolerance or HLB-resistancegermplasm resources.,The area-wide control of citrus psyllid populations based on shoot control technology,field rapid identification and early warning technology of HLB using AI technology are being conducted.In 2019,The first Chinese regional regulation on HLB control was established in Guangxi.The HLB control is a long-term battle.To consolidate the control achievements and ensure the sustainable development of citrus industry,one must take full responsibility analog to what we are facing the COVID-19 crisis,enhance the control efforts and advance management strategies.