空间碎片激光测距技术及应用

Space Debris Laser Ranging Technology and Applications

空间碎片数量不断增多,对航天活动及空间资产安全造成重大威胁,成为影响航天事业发展和外空活动长期可持续的关键因素。随着空间碎片越来越被重视,各国都在大力发展和研发多种观测技术,提高碎片监测数量和精度,提升空间碎片应对技术能力。激光脉冲信号以其波长短、方向性及单色性好和抗干扰性强的优势,使激光测距成为目前空间目标测轨精度最高的主动式光电探测技术。文中介绍了空间碎片的增长趋势及其危害,总结了空间碎片激光测距技术的发展历程,阐述了激光测距技术原理和设备构成,详细分析了影响激光测距能力的因素、近红外波长(1064nm)激光测距技术的优势,以及空间碎片激光测距的误差来源。

The increasing number of space debris poses a major threat to the safety of space activities and space assets,and has become a key factor affecting the development of space industry and the long-term sustainability of space activities.With more and more attention paid to space debris,many countries are developing a variety of observation technologies to improve the quantity and accuracy of debris monitoring,and improve the capability of space debris response technology.Laser pulse signal has the advantages of good wave length,good directivity,good monochromaticity and strong anti-interference,so laser ranging has become the most accurate active photoelectric detection technology for space debris.This paper introduces the growth trend and harm of space debris,summarizes the development process of space debris laser ranging technology,expounds the principle and equipment composition of laser ranging technology,and analyzes the factors influencing the laser ranging ability,the advantages of near infrared wavelength(1064nm)laser ranging technology,and the error sources of space debris laser ranging in detail.