从留守经历的视角分析农村儿童家庭教育投入

Parental Migration and Children’s Education Investment in Rural China

父母外出打工对孩子教育的影响一直是近年来学术界的研究热点。本文引入新的研究视角从家庭教育投资、家庭教育参与和家庭教育监管三个维度考察留守经历和留守时长类别下各组儿童的家庭教育投入状况,试图通过探讨儿童家庭教育投入状况找出父母外出对留守儿童学业表现和教育获得影响的机制变量。研究发现:与从未留守儿童相比,正在留守儿童的家庭教育投资处于明显的劣势地位,这种相对劣势主要体现在家庭教育总支出较高的群体。正在留守儿童的家庭教育参与和教育监管水平亦显著低于从未留守儿童。曾经留守儿童与从未留守儿童的家庭教育投资和教育监管两方面虽无显著差异,但其在家庭教育参与上处于一定劣势地位。随着外出时间增长,留守儿童家庭教育投资逐渐提高,但只有外出达到一定时间才能显著改善留守儿童在教育投资上的不利处境。家庭教育支出、教育参与和教育监管是影响儿童学业表现的重要因素,本文总结了留守经历类别下三组儿童的家庭教育投入模式,认为父母外出务工导致农村留守儿童在家庭教育投入上的相对劣势,进而影响留守儿童的学业表现。

The impact of parental migration on children’s education has been a major topic for research.Based on the survey data we collected in Shaanxi province from 2016 to 2018,we reclassified children into three categories:those who are left behind,those who used to be left-behind children but now they are nonleft-behind(former-LB),and those who had never been left behind,and examined the different patterns of family education investment.Family education investment is defined as family educational expenditure,pa⁃rental involvement,and parental monitoring.It is found that family educational investment,parental involve⁃ment and parental monitoring for children who had never been left behind are significantly better than these of left-behind children.Compared with never left-behind children,former left-behind children’s parental involvement is also at some disadvantage.The longer the parents’migration duration,the higher the family educational expenditure for left-behind children.However,only migration duration reaches a threshold can family education expenditure improves significantly for left-behind children.Thus,family educational ex⁃penditure of short-term left-behind children is the worst among the three groups.Finally,we discuss some policy implications.