木质素在储能领域中的应用研究进展

Research progress of the lignin in application energy storage

木质素作为一种储量丰富、廉价可再生的生物资源,已被广泛应用于工业领域并取得一定的进展,但在储能领域的应用还十分有限。为进一步拓宽木质素在储能材料中的应用范围,本文综述了近年来木质素及其衍生物在可充电电池(铅酸蓄电池、锂离子电池)、燃料电池、太阳能电池和超级电容器等高附加值产品领域的研究进展。其中,对不同来源木质素基本性质、特点作了简要介绍,并基于木质素及其衍生物在分子结构上的设计灵活性和多样性,通过直接选用木质素或改性、掺杂一种或多种杂原子制备出助剂、黏结剂、催化剂、电池或超级电容器电极材料等,探讨分析了不同木质素基储能装置的运作机制和表现出的不同差异的电化学性能。结果表明,在能源储存装置中使用木质素,不仅提升了储能装置的循环稳定性、延长了使用寿命,而且降低了生产成本、减轻了化学污染。最后,为进一步提升木质素基储能装置的能量存储和输出效率,对未来木质素基储能材料面临的挑战和可能的发展方向进行了展望。

Lignin is a kind of abundant,inexpensive,and renewable biological resource,which has been widely used in the industrial field.Lignin has made some progress,but its application in energy storage is very limited.The research progress of lignin and its derivatives in rechargeable batteries(i.e.,lead acid and lithium-ion batteries),fuel and cells,and supercapacitors is reviewed herein to broaden its application scope in energy storage materials.Among them,the basic properties and characteristics of lignin from different sources are briefly introduced,and based on the design flexibility and diversity of lignin and its derivatives in molecular structure,additives,binders,catalysts,battery or supercapacitor electrode materials are prepared by directly selecting lignin or modifying or doping one or more heteroatoms.Moreover,the operation mechanism and electrochemical performance of different ligninbased energy storage devices are discussed and analyzed.The results show that lignin application in the energy storage device not only improves the cycle stability and extends the service life,but also reduces production costs and chemical pollution.The challenges and the possible development directions of lignin-based energy storage materials in the future are prospected herein to further improve the energy storage and output efficiency of lignin-based energy storage devices.