21世纪以来风景园林国际研究热点与未来挑战

International Research Focuses and Future Challenges of Landscape Architecture in the 21st Century

21世纪以来,随着全球城市化进程加快,气候与生态环境变化、人口增长与文化多元化等挑战日益严峻。以协调人与自然关系为核心的风景园林学科在应对和缓解这些挑战方面,不仅已被证明可为人类提供多种福祉服务,也积极促进了多专业合作,拓展了学科内涵。为了全面确定风景园林科学研究主题拓展的国际现状及未来挑战,对2000—2020年间已发表的英文文献进行了全面梳理,探讨了未来挑战与风景园林学研究启示。研究结果揭示近20年来以英文为发表语言的风景园林研究在气候与生态环境变化、绿色基础设施与建成环境、风景园林文化与社会福祉、景观绩效评估与规划管理、大数据与工具创新等方面取得了积极进展,但在解决食物与生态危机、塑造更加包容的人居环境、促进跨学科合作、增强务实教育等方面仍面临着较大挑战。未来风景园林学应在多尺度关联与系统性研究、多学科交叉合作和新技术应用等方面进一步加强。

With the acceleration of global urbanization since the begining of 21st century,the challenges of climate and ecological environment changes,population growth and cultural diversification have become increasingly severe.The landscape architecture discipline,which focuses on harmonizing the relationship between man and nature,has been proved to benefit human well-being,actively promote multi-disciplinary cooperation and expand the connotation of the discipline in addressing and mitigating these challenges.To comprehensively figure out the international status and future challenges in the development of landscape architecture,this paper sorts out the literature published in English between 2000 and 2020,and discusses the future challenges and countermeasures.The findings reveal that landscape architecture has made positive progress in climate change,ecological environment,green infrastructure,built environment,cultural landscape,human well-being,landscape performance,management,big data and tool innovation in the past 20 years.However,it still faces big challenges in solving food and ecological crisis,building a more inclusive living environment,promoting interdisciplinary cooperation,and enhancing practical education.In the future,landscape architecture should be further strengthened in the aspects of multi-scale relevance and systematic research,interdisciplinary cooperation and application of new technologies.