基于绿视衰减曲线的历史街区步行环境绿视感知评价——以厦门市中山路同文片区为例

Evaluation of Green View Perception of Walking Environment in Historical Blocks Based on Green View Attenuation Curve:A Case Study of Tongwen Area,Zhongshan Road of Xiamen

在历史文化街区的更新活化中,绿色植物在改善步行体验上具有重要的作用,如何平衡绿视体验与土地占用面积则备受学界关注。现有研究常见基于主体的街道可步行性评价方法,缺乏从客体角度出发的步行视觉感知分析方法。以厦门市中山路历史文化街区同文片区为例,测度街区内道路的绿视率指标,绘制不同绿化模块的"绿视率衰减曲线",提出计算最大绿视范围的方法。研究发现:1)乔灌组合、大乔木、绿化小品与幂律模型拟合优度较高,盆栽和垂直绿化与指数模型拟合优度较高,最大绿视范围从高到低依次为大乔木、乔灌组合、绿化小品、垂直绿化、盆栽。2)中山路—思明南路沿线绿视率提升空间较大,鹭江道—镇海路沿线绿视率较高;内部支路中青石巷、同文路、泰山路绿视率较高,钱炉灰埕巷、钓仔路、水仙路和定安路绿视率较低。3)绿化设施布局的不合理降低了街区遗产要素对于访客的吸引力,商业气息弱化了访客对于街区文化要素的感知。研究旨在将绿视率指标二维化,为绿视率的定量研究和应用提供参考。

In the renewal and revitalization of historical and cultural blocks,green plants play an important role in improving the walking experience.How to strike a balance between better green view experience and less land occupation areas has attracted much academic attention.The existing researches are largely based on the evaluation of walkability around the subject,but lack analysis of walking visual perception from the perspective of the object.Taking Tongwen area of Zhongshan Road Historical and Cultural Block in Xiamen as an example,this paper measures green view rate of roads in the block,and draws the"green view attenuation curve"of greening modules,proposing a method for calculating the maximum green view range.The result shows:1)Arbor-shrubs,arbor trees and street greening fit better with the power-law fitting model,while potted plants and vertical greening fit better with the exponential fitting model.The maximum green view range from high to low is arbor-shrubs,arbor trees,street greening,vertical greening and potted plants.2)There is much room for improvement the green view along Zhongshan Road–Siming South Road,and the green view rate along Lujiang Avenue–Zhenhai Road is high.While Qingshi Lane,Tongwen Road and Taishan Road have good green view levels,Qianluhuicheng Lane,Diaozai Road,Shuixian Road and Ding’an Road have poor green view levels.3)The layout of greening facilities reduces the attraction of heritage elements to visitors,while commercial atmosphere has weakened visitors’perception of the block’s cultural elements.This paper aims to make green view rate two-dimensionalize,and provide a new perspective for quantitative research and application of green view rate.