史传文学底色与非虚构叙事手法——《聊斋志异》“一书而兼二体”新读解

Historical and Biographical Literature with Non-Fictional Narration——New Views on“One Book with Two Styles”of Liaozhai Zhiyi

纪昀站在文体纯洁性的立场上讥讽《聊斋志异》“一书而兼二体”,然而随着时代推移,此语多被后人借以概括《聊斋志异》兼熔两重文体的写作特色。纵观《聊斋志异》近五百篇故事可以发现,其中部分篇目将史传文学色彩与非虚构叙事手法整合为一。通过对具体作品的个案研究可以发现蒲翁在叙事策略、叙事时间线、叙事视角以及相关的论赞品评等方面颇有史家风范。具体来说,蒲氏善于利用取材于真人真事的事件,融入作家的文学想象,既以事为本、于史有征,又由正而奇、由文而幻。从史传文学底色与非虚构叙事特点出发阅读《聊斋志异》,可以对“一书而兼二体”之说阐发新见。

Ji Yun once satirized Liaozhai Zhiyi as“one book and two styles”from the standpoint of stylistic purity.However,with the passage of time,this remark is often used to summarize the writing characteristics of Liaozhai Zhiyi,which combines two styles.Throughout this book,it can be found that some of them integrate the historical and biographical literature and non-fictionial narratiion into one.Pu Songling’s“historical talent”has been praised by many predecessors.Through the case study of specific works,it can be found that Pu Weng is quite a historian in terms of narrative strategy,timeline,perspective and related comments.To be specific,Pu is good at making use of the events from real people and real events to integrate the writer’s literary imagination.He is not only based on the events,but also from the right to the strange,from the text to the fantasy.Based on the historical and biographical literature background and non-fictional narrative characteristics,we can expound new views on the theory of“one book and two styles”.