中东铁路桥隧遗产的特质与价值研究

Characteristics and Values of the Chinese Eastern Railway Bridges-and-Tunnels Heritage

中东铁路桥隧遗产是我国铁路遗产体系的重要组成部分,文章将其放在世界铁路桥隧产生与发展的背景下,通过文献整理、案例分析及比较归纳等方法,研究了严寒环境下中东铁路大跨度钢桥的铆接技术,结构材料和桥墩施工的特点,大型多跨铁路石桥的实现方式及钢筋混凝土在石桥中的应用方法,以及长距离隧道高精度勘测技术和对凿施工方法。并通过与同时期国内外桥隧建筑比较,总结中东铁路桥隧在当时的材料应用、结构创新、施工技术等方面的先进经验,进而提炼出中东铁路桥隧建筑在科技、文化、历史、艺术、社会等方面的价值和意义,以期为中东铁路遗产的系统性、科学性、完整性保护和未来申遗提供有益借鉴。

The Chinese Eastern Railway bridges-andtunnels heritage is an important part of Chinese railway heritage system. This article puts it under the background of the emergence and development of railway bridges and tunnels in the world. Through literature review, case study, comparative and inductive analysis, the article approaches such heritage regarding its characteristics of riveting technology, structural materials and pier construction of largespan steel bridges under severe cold environment, the realisation of large-scale multi-span stone railway bridges and the application of reinforced concrete in stone bridges, as well as the high-precision survey technology and the construction of long-distance tunnels by digging from both ends. It further summarises the advancements of Chinese Eastern Railway bridges and tunnels in material application, structural innovation, construction technology and other aspects through comparisons with domestic and foreign bridges and tunnels in the same period, leading to the significance and values of Chinese Eastern Railway bridges-and-tunnels heritage in science and technology, culture, history, art and society. The article intends to contribute to a systematic, scientific, integrated protection of Chinese Eastern Railway heritage and its future application for World Heritage.