从图形到图像:建筑遗产测绘面临图学方法革新

From Graph to Image:The Graphics for Architectural Heritage Survey Requires Innovation

近年来中国建筑遗产领域在测绘技术上紧追国际潮流,但解释、评估与改进这些技术的科学的图学方法尚未建立。激光扫描与摄影测量输出的是图像,沿用图形的思维去处理、表达与传播图像,是目前工程实践与教学中诸多问题的根源。鉴于此,文章首先从建筑遗产测绘的角度界定了图形与图像的概念,认为二者反映了建筑学与保护科学在测绘上的不同导向。其次,结合案例论述了建筑遗产测绘在测绘层级、表达方法与算法上的新课题。最后,从古建筑测绘教学的角度出发,提出建筑遗产测绘中的图学方法需从工程图学迈向可视计算,这既是建筑遗产保护的需求,也是建筑学图学教育改革的潜在方向。

In recent years, China’s architectural heritage survey technologies have closely followed the up-to-date international trend. However, a scientific graphic method for explaining, evaluating, and improving these technologies has not yet been established. Laser scanning and photogrammetry merely produce images, but the processing, representing and spreading of such images all follow the thinking mode of graphs, which lead to the problems in conservation projects as well as teaching practices. In view of this, the paper first redefines the concepts of image and graph as far as architectural heritage survey is concerned, holding that these two terms reflect the different directions of the survey in the fields of architecture and conservation science. Secondly, the paper discusses the problems in the categorisation, representation and algorithms of architectural heritage survey with the case study. Finally, it proposes that in historic architectural survey education, the graphic methods should evolve from engineering graphics to visual computing. This is not only the demand for architectural heritage conservation but also the potential direction of architectural graphics education.