中国大陆上市公司研发投入空间格局及动力机制——以500强为例

Analysis on the Spatial Pattern and Dynamic Mechanism of R&D Investment of Listed Companies in China's Mainland:Take the Top 500 as an Example

基于2017年中国大陆上市公司500强的研发投入(R&D)数据,运用探索性空间数据分析、核密度分析、主成分回归分析等方法,探究其空间分布特征和动力机制。研究发现:500强企业空间分布特征与经济整体格局相吻合,呈"东强西弱"的特点。第二产业呈现出由中部向西部转移的态势,第三产业则处于由东部向中部转移的趋势。500强企业的空间集聚特征表现为"三核心"模式,研发投入金额的集聚特征表现为"单核心"模式,研发费用占营业收入的比重的集聚特征表现为"一主核两次核"模式。研发投入的热点区域位于京津冀地区,冷点区域位于河南省以及河南、安徽、山东、江苏交界处。各省市对于企业研发投入影响的空间异质性并不明显;以高校和研究所为代表的产学研联系对企业研发投入的促进作用最为显著;其次为产业环境;最后经济基础、交通条件、政府支持、劳动力基础四个方面都对企业的研发投入具有一定的促进作用。

Based on the top 500 research and development investment data of Listed Companies in China's Mainland in2017,exploratory spatial data analysis,nuclear density analysis,principal component regression analysis and other methods are used to explore their spatial distribution characteristics and dynamic mechanism.It is found that the spatial distribution characteristics of the top 500 enterprises are consistent with the overall economic pattern,showing the characteristics of"strong in the East and weak in the west".The second industry is in the development trend of transferring from the middle to the west,and the third industry is in the development trend of transferring from the east to the middle.The spatial agglomeration characteristics of the top 500 R&D investment enterprises are shown as"three core"mode,the agglomeration characteristics of R&D investment amount are shown as"single core"mode,and the agglomeration characteristics of R&D expenses as a proportion of business income are shown as"one main core and two core"mode.The hot spot area of R&D investment is located in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region,and the cold spot area is located in Henan Province and the junction of Henan,Anhui,Shandong and Jiangsu.The spatial heterogeneity of the impact of provinces and cities on the R&D investment of enterprises is not obvious.The industry university research association,represented by universities and research institutes,plays the most significant role in promoting the R&D investment of enterprises;secondly,the industrial environment;finally,the economic basis,traffic conditions,government support,and labor force basis all play a certain role in promoting the R&D investment of enterprises.