海洋生物水下粘附机理及仿生研究

Underwater Adhesion Mechanisms and Biomimetic Study of Marine Life

生物粘附行为往往是生物在长期进化过程中获得的一种特殊功能或者生存能力,然而仿生水下粘附材料和结构如何充分再现生物材料的自适应能力一直是工程材料领域的研究难点.本文作者基于自然界中丰富的粘附方式,详细介绍了几类典型海洋生物(贻贝、藤壶、沙塔蠕虫、章鱼、?鱼、鲍鱼、海胆)的水下粘附机理,并概述了相关的仿生设计(如DOPA改性水凝胶、吸盘贴、海胆机器人等)及其应用前景.最后,对目前海洋生物粘附机理和相关仿生研究进行归纳总结,阐述存在的问题,提出深入研究典型海洋粘附生物"粘附-脱附"的动态过程和调控机理的必要性,并进一步指出仿生粘附研究在未来可逆、可控、绿色的发展方向和趋势.

Bioadhesion is usually a special function or viability acquired by organisms during long-term evolution process.However,it is difficult for the biomimetic underwater adhesion materials and structures to fully reproduce the adaptive ability of biological materials in the field of engineering materials.Based on the rich ways of adhesion in nature,the adhesion mechanisms of several typical marine organisms(mussels,barnacles,sand worms,octopuses,catfish,abalone,sea urchins)are introduced in detail,and the corresponding design of the bionic devices(such as Dopa modified hydrogel,suction cup stickers,sea urchin robots,etc)and their application prospects are investigated.Finally,the current marine biological adhesion mechanism and related bionic research are summarized,and the existing problems are proposed.It is pointed out the necessity of in-depth study on the dynamic process and regulation mechanisms of"adhesion-desorption"of typical marine adherents.In addition,the future development directions of bionic researches including reversible,controllable and environmental protection are expounded.